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The Villa d'Este, originally Villa del Garovo, is a Renaissance patrician residence in Cernobbio on the shores of Lake Como, northern Italy. Both the villa and the park which surrounds it have undergone significant changes since their sixteenth-century origins as a summer residence for the Cardinal of Como. Nevertheless, visiting the garden in 1903 for ''Century Magazine'', Edith Wharton found this to be the ‘the only old garden on Como which keeps more than a fragment of its original architecture’, and noted that ‘though Queen Caroline anglicised part of the grounds, the main lines of the Renaissance garden still exist’.〔Edith Wharton, (''Italian Villas and their Gardens'' ) (New York: The Century Co., 1905), p. 208.〕〔Vivian Russell, (''Edith Wharton’s Italian Gardens'' ) (London: Frances Lincoln, 1997), pp. 15–17.〕 Since 1873 the complex has been a luxury hotel. ==History== Gerardo Landriani, Bishop of Como (1437–1445), founded a female convent here at the mouth of the Garovo torrent in 1442. A century later Cardinal Tolomeo Gallio〔‘Born a fisher-lad of Cernobbio’, according to Edith Wharton (p. 208); Vivian Russell (p. 46) however, identifies him as the son of a wealthy silk merchant and notes that the wealth created by this industry financed the construction of many of the lakeside villas.〕 demolished the nunnery and commissioned Pellegrino Tibaldi to design a residence for his own use. The Villa del Garovo, together with its luxuriant gardens, was constructed during the years 1565–70 and during the cardinal’s lifetime it became a resort of politicians, intellectuals and ecclesiastics. On Gallio’s death the villa passed to his family who, over the years, allowed it to sink into a state of some decay. From 1749 to 1769 it was a Jesuit centre for spiritual exercises, after which it was acquired first by Count Mario Odescalchi and then in 1778 by a Count Marliani. In 1784 it passed to the Milanese Calderari family who undertook a major restoration project and created a new park ''all’Italiana'' with an impressive nymphaeum and a temple displaying a seventeenth-century〔Touring club italiano, (''Lombardia: escluso Milano'' ) (Touring Editore, 1999), p. 298.〕 statue of Hercules hurling Lichas into the sea. After the death of Marquis Calderari his wife Vittoria Peluso, a former ballerina at La Scala and known as ''la Pelusina'',〔Vivian Russell, p. 46.〕 married a Napoleonic general, Count Domenico Pino and a mock fortress was erected in the park in his honour.〔Leoni Marco and others, (‘Villa d'Este – complesso’ ), ''Lombardia Beni Culturali'', Regione Lombardia and Università degli Studi di Pavia, 2006.〕 In 1815〔 it became the residence of Caroline of Brunswick, estranged wife of future King George IV. "Its garden seems almost suspended in the air", she wrote in her diary, "and forms a scene of complete enchantment."〔Edgcumbe Staley, (''Lords and Ladies of the Italian Lakes ) (London: John Long, 1912), p. 118.〕 She gave it the name ''Nuova Villa d'Este'' and had the park landscaped in the English style.〔Robins, Jane (2006). ''Rebel Queen: How the Trial of Caroline Brought England to the Brink of Revolution''. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-7826-7. p.5.〕〔Macadam, Alta (1997). ''Blue Guide Northern Italy''. A & C Black. ISBN 0-7136-4294-7. p. 111.〕 It was converted into a deluxe hotel for the nobility and the high bourgeoisie in 1873,〔(‘The Gardens oF Villa d’Este’ ), www.villadeste.com, 2006.〕 and kept the name ''Villa d'Este'' to take advantage of the apparent link with the famous Villa d'Este in Tivoli, near Rome. A gala dinner held at the Villa d’Este in 1948 was the scene for the celebrated murder of the wealthy silk manufacturer Carlo Sacchi, shot dead by his lover Countess Pia Bellentani with her husband’s Fegyverzyar automatic pistol.〔(‘The Bellentani case’ ), MUCRI. The Italian Ministry of Justice – Department of Prison Administration.〕〔(Italy: Form Letter ), ''Time'', 17 March 1952.〕〔(‘Villa d’Este’s Who’s Who’ ), www.villadeste.com, 2006, p.5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Villa d'Este (Cernobbio)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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